How to differentiate case control study from other study designs

How to differentiate case control study from other study designs The following simple criteria and flow diagrams can help us to demystify some of the confusing around case control study It contains two distinct study groups Usually conducted after the proposed outcome had already occurred Study groups are based on the outcome (with and and […]

Read More

Where do Indian teaching medical institutions stand globally

AIIMS New-Delhi; The best teaching medical institution outside US Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine is the top medical college in the world for 2021 with an overall score of 99.06 as per the report from CEOWORLD magazine. The overall score is sum of academic reputation, admission eligibility, specialization, global reputation and influence, annual tuition […]

Read More

China expected to go way ahead of other countries in science and engineering publications output in future years

China is leading the way with 22.9% of total published Science and Engineering (S&E) articles throughout the world as per the latest data (2018) from National Science Foundation. United States is just behind China with 21.5% of the total published S&E articles. In Europe, United Kingdom and Germany are the leaders in publications output. India […]

Read More

Type of probabilities in a contingency table

There are three types of probabilities for contingency table/crosstabs. They are: Marginal probabilities, Joint probabilities and Conditional probabilities. Suppose data is collected in a study of 165 students about their gender and insomnia status. After the collection of data, following 2×2 contingency table is generated: Table 1: Contingency table of Insomnia by Gender Marginal probabilities: […]

Read More

You can’t be a good scientist with this level of English

The document needs thorough English language editing.. “Avail the services of English language expert”…No… “The document need to be verified by a native English language speaker for spelling, grammar and quality of English” When my research paper on a very specialized domain in medicine came back with the above recommendations from the journal, I was […]

Read More

Quality of medical Institutions; Tamilnadu is the show stealer

Tamilnadu tops the list in NIRF rankings 2021 with 10 medical institutions in Top 50 In recently released NIRF rankings 2021, Tamilnadu holds the top position in total number of institutions among top 50 medical institutions. Delhi holds next position with 9 institutions and Karnataka in third position with 7 institutions in top 50. AIIMS, […]

Read More

Heterogeneity in Systematic Review Meta analysis

Heterogeneity in systematic Review Meta-analysis: Variability among studies which included in the systematic review termed as heterogeneity. Why to read heterogeneity ? Studies included in the meta-analysis vary methodologically, clinically, statistically across individual studies. Presence of heterogeneity affects the conclusion of the study and the review. Therefore, our findings may be misleading. How does heterogeneity […]

Read More

Frequency distribution

What is the best way to summarize a categorical variable? Frequency distribution is the most common way of summarizing a categorical variable. It can be either represented as a tabular form called frequency distribution table or graphically using a bar chart or pie chart. What type of data will we use for this frequency distribution […]

Read More

Simpson’s Paradox

Let’s take an example of a 2×2×2 table below with result as response variable (Y), opponent’s region as explanatory variable (X) and opponent’s ranking as control variable (Z). Table 1: Game result of a team by opponent’s region and opponent’s ranking Given the condition that the opponent’s ranking is high, win percentage of a team […]

Read More